APPENDIX G. Utah vegetation codes by cover-type. Cover-Type categories are listed by principle species which define the cover-type. Landscape scale cover-type mapping includes many prevalent primary associated species which can substantially occur as part of the cover- type in localized areas. This is not intended to be a complete species list, but rather an overview of the most common species associated with each cover-type. General descriptions of each cover-type are in bold type. Cover-types are listed in numeric order of codes as found in the digital data set. 1. WATER - Open water 2. SPRUCE-FIR - Conifer forest principally dominated by combinations of spruce Picea engelmannii and Picea pungens and sub-alpine fir Abies lasiocarpa. Primary associated tree species include lodgepole Pinus contorta, white fir Abies concolor, doug fir Pseudotsuga menziesii, limber pine Pinus flexilis and bristlecone pine Pinus aristata. 3. PONDEROSA PINE - Conifer forest principally dominated by ponderosa pine Pinus ponderosa. Primary associated tree species include pinyon Pinus edulis or Pinus monophylla, juniper Juniperus spp., white fir Abies concolor and doug fir Pseudotsuga menziesii. 4. LODGEPOLE - Conifer forest principally dominated by lodgepole Pinus contorta. Primary associated tree species include spruce Picea engelmannii and subalpine fir Abies lasiocarpa. 5. MOUNTAIN FIR - Conifer forest principally dominated by combinations of white fir Abies concolor and doug fir Pseudotsuga menziesii. Primary associated tree species include ponderosa pine Pinus ponderosa, pinyon Pinus edulis or Pinus monophylla, spruce Picea engelmannii and Picea pungens and subalpine fir Abies lasiocarpa. 6. JUNIPER - Conifer forest principally dominated by juniper Juniperus scopulorum, Juniperus monosperma and Juniperus osteosperma. Primary associated tree species include pinyon Pinus edulis or Pinus monophylla and mountain mahogany Cercocarpus ledifolius. Primary associated shrub species include sagebrush Artemisa spp. and blackbrush Coleogyne ramosissima. 7. PINYON - Conifer forest principally dominated by pinyon Pinus edulis or Pinus monophylla. Primary associated tree species include juniper Juniperus spp., ponderosa pine Pinus ponderosa, white fir Abies concolor, doug fir Pseudotsuga menziesii. Primary associated shrub species include oak Quercus gambelii and sagebrush Artemisa spp.. 8. PINYON-JUNIPER - Conifer forest principally co-dominated by pinyon Pinus edulis or Pinus monophylla and juniper Juniperus scopulorum, Juniperus monosperma and Juniperus osteosperma. Primary associated tree species include mountain mahogany Cercocarpus ledifolius. Primary associated shrub species include sagebrush Artemisa spp. 9. MOUNTAIN MAHOGANY - Forest principally dominated by mountain mahogany Cercocarpus ledifolius. Primary associated species include oak Quercus gambelii, juniper Juniperus spp. and sagebrush Artemisa spp.. 10. ASPEN - Deciduous forest principally dominated by quaking aspen Populus tremuloides. Primary associated conifer species include spruce; Picea engelmannii and Picea pungens, fir; Abies lasiocarpa, Abies concolor and Pseudotsuga menziesii, and pine; Pinus contorta and Pinus ponderosa. Primary associated shrub species include snowberry Symphoricarpos spp. and serviceberry Amelanchier alnifolia. 11. OAK - Deciduous shrubland principally dominated by gambel oak Quercus gambelii, palmer oak Quercus chrysolepis, wavyleaf oak Quercus undulata and shrub live oak Quercus turbinella. Primary associated shrub species include maple Acer grandidentatum and sagebrush Artemisa spp.. Primary associated tree species include juniper juniper spp., pinyon Pinus spp., ponderosa pine Pinus ponderosa, aspen Populus tremuloides and mountain mahogany Cercocarpus ledifolious. 12. MAPLE - Deciduous shrubland principally dominated by bigtooth maple Acer grandidentatum. Primary associated shrub species include oak Quercus spp. and sagebrush Artemisa spp.. Primary associated tree species include rocky mountain maple Acer glabrum and aspen Populus tremuloides. 13. MOUNTAIN SHRUB - Deciduous shrubland principally dominated by alder leaf mountain mahogany Cercocarpus montanus, cliffrose Cowania mexicana, bitterbrush Purshia tridentata, serviceberry Amelanchier utahensis and Amelanchier alnifolia, buckbrush Ceanothus spp., chokecherry Prunus virginiana, snowberry Symphoricarpos spp., pointleaf manzanita Arctostaphylos pungens and bearberry Arctostaphylos uva-ursi. Primary associated shrub species include sagebrush Artemisa spp., oak Quercus spp. and maple Acer spp.. Primary associated tree species include aspen Populus tremuloides. 14. SAGEBRUSH - Shrubland principally dominated by big sagebrush Artemisa tridentata, black sagebrush Artemisia nova, low sagebrush Artemisa arbuscula or silver sagebrush Artemisa cana. Primary associated tree species include juniper juniperus spp., pinyon pinus spp., mountain mahogany Cercocarpus ledifolius and ponderosa pine Pinus ponderosa. Primary associated shrub species include rabbitbrush Chrysothamnus spp., snakeweed Gutierrezia sarothrae, winterfat Ceratoides lanata, shadscale Atriplex confertifolia, and bitterbrush Purshia tridentata. 15. SAGEBRUSH/PERENNIAL GRASS - Co-dominate sagebrush shrubland and perennial grassland. Principle shrub species include sagebrush Artemisa tridentata, Artemisa nova or Artemisa cana. Principle grass species include bluebunch wheatgrass Agropyron spicatum, sandburg bluegrass Poa secunda, crested wheatgrass Agropyron cristatum, needlegrass Stipa comata, sand dropseed Sporobolus cryptandrus, blue gramma Bouteloua gracilis, thurbers needlegrass Stipa thurberiana, western wheatgrass Agropyron smithii, indian ricegrass Oryzopsis hymenoides and galleta Hilaria jamesii. Associated principal shrub species include rabbitbrush Chrysothamnus spp., bitterbrush Purshia tridentata and oak Quercus spp.. Associated principal grass species include cheatgrass Bromus tectorum. 16. GRASSLAND - Perennial and annual grasslands. Principle perennial grass species include bluebunch wheatgrass Agropyron spicatum, sandburg bluegrass Poa secunda, crested wheatgrass Agropyron cristatum, basin wildrye Elymus cinereus, galleta Hilaria jamesii, needlegrass Stipa comata, sand dropseed Sporobolus cryptandrus, blue gramma Bouteloua gracilis, thurbers needlegrass Stipa thurberiana, western wheatgrass Agropyron smithii, squirreltail Sitanion hystrix and indian ricegrass Oryzopsis hymenoides. Principle annual grass species include cheatgrass Bromus tectorum. Primary associated shrub species include sagebrush Artemisia spp., shadscale Atriplex confertifolia, greasewood Sarcobatus vermiculatus and creosote Larrea tridentata. Primary associated tree species include juniper Juniperus spp.. 17. ALPINE - High elevation tundra vegetation, including grasses, forbs, sedges and shrubs. Principle species include alpine avens Geum rossii, sedges Carex spp., tufted hair grass Deschampsia caespitosa, Festuca ovina, Koeleria cristata, Trisetum spicatum, Silene acaulis, Paronychia pulvinata, Arenaria obtusiloba, Trifolium nanum, Kobresia myosuroides, Polygonum bistortoides, Eriophorum chamissonis and willow Salix spp.. Primary associated species include engelmann spruce Picea engelmannii (krummholz). 18. DRY MEADOW - Herbaceous dry meadow , including mostly forbs and grasses. Principal forb species include yarrow Achillea millefolium, dandelion Taraxacum officinale, richardson's geranium richardsonii, penstemon spp., mulesears Wyethia amplexicaulis, golden aster Chrysopis villosa, arrowleaf balsamroot Balsamorhiza sagittata, hawkbit Agoseris pumila, larkspur Delphinium spp. and scarlet gilia pulchella Principal grass species include wheatgrass Agropyron spp., needlegrass Stipa spp, timothy Phleum spp., poa's poa spp., spike trisetum spicatum and some sedges Carex spp.. Primary associated shrub species include sagebrush Artemisia spp., rabbit brush Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus, cinquefoil Potentilla fruitcosa, snowberry Symphoricarpos spp. and elderberry Sambucus cerulea. 19. WET MEADOW - Water saturated meadows, including mostly grasses, forbs, sedges and rushes. Principle species include sedges Carex spp., rushes Juncus spp., reedgrass Calamagrostis spp., timothy Phleum spp., alpine poa spp., hairgrass Deschampsia cespitosa, willowherb Epilobium spp., cinquefoil Potentilla spp. saxifrage Saxifraga spp., etc. Primary associated species include willow Salix spp., honeysuckle Lonicera spp. and water birch Betula spp.. 20. BARREN - Sand, rock, salt flats, pylas and lava. 21. LODGEPOLE/ASPEN - Conifer-Deciduous forest with principally Lodgepole Pinus contorta dominate or co-dominant with aspen Populus tremuloides. 22. PONDEROSA PINE/MOUNTAIN SHRUB - Conifer forest or woodland with principally Ponderosa pine Pinus ponderosa dominate/associate or co-dominate with mountain shrubs. Principle mountain shrub associate species include manzanita Arctostaphylos spp., bitterbrush Purshia tridentata, oak Quercus gambelii, snowberry Symphoricarpos spp. and curlleaf mountain mahogany Cercocarpus ledifolius. Primary associated tree species include juniper juniperus spp., pinyon pinus spp., white fir Abies conocolor and doug fir Pseudotsuga menziesii. Primary associated shrub species sagebrush Artemesia spp., and rabbitbrush Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus. 23. SPRUCE-FIR/MOUNTAIN SHRUB - Conifer forest or woodland with Spruce-Fir dominate/associate or co-dominate with mountain shrub. Principle tree species include Picea engelmannii and Picea pungens and sub-alpine fir Abies lasiocarpa. Principle shrub species include ribes spp., snowberry Symphoricarpos spp.,, ninebark Physocarpus spp., chokecherry Prunus virginiana, maple Acer glabrum, mountain lover Paxistima myrsinites, blueberry Vaccinium spp., elderberry Sambucus spp., grape Berberis repens, serviceberry Amelanchier spp., Primary associated tree species include doug fir Pseudotsuga menziesii, lodgepole Pinus flexilis, white fir Abies conocolor and aspen Primary associated tree species include doug fir Pseudotsuga menziesii, lodgepole Pinus flexilis and aspen Populus tremuloides. Populus tremuloides. Primary associated shrub species include common juniper Juniperus communis and sagebrush Artemesia spp.. 24. MOUNTAIN FIR/MOUNTAIN SHRUB - Conifer forest or woodland with Mountain fir dominate/associate or co-dominate with mountain shrub. Principle tree species include douglas fir Pseudosuga menziesii and white fir Abies concolor. Principle shrub species include oak Quercus gambelii, maple Acer grandidentatum, snowberry Symphoricarpos spp., grape Berbaris spp., serviceberry Amelanchier spp., manainita Arctostaphylos spp., ninebark Physocarpus spp. and serviceberry Amelanchier spp.. Primary associated tree species include alpine fir Abies lasiocarpa, englemann spruce Picea engelmannii, limber pine Pinus flexilis, ponderosa pine Pinus ponderosa and aspen Populus tremuloides. Primary associated shrub species include common juniper Juniperus communis and sagebrush Artemesia spp.. 25. ASPEN/CONIFER - Deciduous forest with principally Aspen Populus tremuloides dominant or co- dominant with conifer. Principle conifer species include alpine fir Abies lasiocarpa, englemann spruce Picea engelmannii, limber pine Pinus flexilis, ponderosa pine Pinus ponderosa, douglas fir Pseudosuga menziesii and white fir Abies concolor. 26. MOUNTAIN RIPARIAN - Riparian areas generally above 5500 feet. Principal woody species include willow Salix spp. , narrowleaf cottonwood Populus angustifolia, thinleaf alder Alnus tenuifolia, water birch Betula occidentalis, black hawthorn Crataegus douglasii, rocky mountain maple Acer glabrum, red-osier dogwood Cornus stolonifera and wild rose Rosa woodsii. 27. LOWLAND RIPARIAN - Riparian areas generally lower than 5500 feet. Principal woody species include fremont cottonwood Populus fremontii, Salt Cedar Tamarix pentandra, netleaf hackberry Celtis reticulata, velvet ash Fraxinus velutina, desertwillow Chilopsis linearis, sandbar willow Salix exigua and squawbush Rhus trilobata. 28. CLOUD - Portions of image clouded and unable to be mapped. 29 LAVA - Southern Utah high elevation lava flows. 30. AGRICULTURE - Row crops, irrigated pasture and hay fields, dry farm crops. 31. URBAN - Commercial land and high density residential areas. 32. SALT DESERT SCRUB - Shrublands principally dominated by shadscale atriplex confertifolia, gray molly Kochia vestita, mat-atriplex Atriplex corrugata, castle valley clover Atriplex cuneata, winterfat Ceratoides lanata, budsage Artemesia spinescens, fourwing saltbush Atriplex canescens, halogeten Halogeten glomeratus, mormon tea Ephedra spp., horsebrush Tetradymia canescens, snakeweed Gutierrezia sarothrae and rabbitbrush Chrysothamnus spp. Primary associated shrub species include greasewood Sarcobatus vermiculatus, sagebrush Artemisia spp. and blackbrush Coleogyne ramosissima. Primary associated forb species includes halogeten Halogeten glomeratus. 33. DESERT GRASSLAND - Low elevation perennial grassland co-dominate with shrubland. Principal grassland species include galleta Hilaria jamesii, indian ricegrass Oryzopsis hymenoides, three- awn Aristida glauca and sand dropseed Sporobolus airoides. Principal shrub species include shadscale Atriplex confertifolia, rabbitbush Chrysothamnus spp., mormon tea Ephedra spp. and winterfat Ceratoides lanata. Principal forb species include desert trumpet Eriogonum inflatum. 34. BLACKBRUSH - Shrubland principally dominated by blackbrush Coleogyne ramosissima. Primary associated shrub species include spiny hopsage Grayia spinosa, mormon tea Ephedra spp., shadscale Atriplex confertifolia, snakeweed Xanthocephalum spp., turpentine bush Thamnosa montana and creosote Larrea tridentata. Other associated species include yucca and cacti. 35. CREOSOTE-BURSAGE - Shrubland principally dominated by creosote Larrea tridentata and white bursage Ambrosia dumosa. Primary associated shrub species include blackbrush Coleogyne ramosissima, mormon tea Ephedra spp., dalea Dalea fremonti, honey mesquite Prosopis glandulosa and brittlebush Encelia farinosa. Other associated species include joshua tree Yucca brevifolia, datil yucca Yucca baccata and prickly pear Opuntia engelmannii. 36. GREASEWOOD - Shrubland principally dominated by greasewood Sarcobatus vermiculatus. Primary associated shrub species include shadscale Atriplex confertifolia and pickleweed Allenrolfea occidentali. Other associated species include seepweed Suaeda torreyana and halogeten Halogeten glomeratus. 37. PICKLEWEED BARRENS - Mosaic of sparsely vegetated and barren plya flats. Principal shrub species include pickleweed Allenrolfea occidentalis. Primary associated species include samphire Salicornia spp., mound saltbush Atriplex faleata, greasewood Sarcobatus vermiculatus, saltgrass Distichlis stricta and seepweed Suaeda torreyana. 38. WETLAND - Low elevation marsh and wetland areas. Principal species include cattail Typha latifolia, bullrush Scirpus spp. and sedge Carex spp..